关于python：如何在PyOpenGL中使用gluLookAt？

How to use gluLookAt in PyOpenGL?

我正在尝试学习PyOpenGL，但不确定如何使用gluLookAt移动相机。我有显示的图像，但我想我可能缺少一些可以使用gluLookAt的东西？文本墙进来，我不确定问题可能在哪里。我已经删掉了着色器和纹理代码，因为我认为这无关紧要，但是如果需要，我可以发布它。

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import sys
import ctypes
import numpy

from OpenGL import GL, GLU
from OpenGL.GL import shaders
from OpenGL.arrays import vbo

import pygame
from numpy import array

class OpenGLSprite():
def __init__(self,_sprite='',_vertexShader = None, _fragmentShader = None):
if not isinstance(_sprite, pygame.Surface):
self.sprite = pygame.image.load(_sprite)
else: self.sprite = _sprite

vertexData = numpy.array([
# X Y Z U, V
-1.0, -1.0, 0, 0.0, 0.0,
-1.0, 1.0, 0, 0.0, 1.0,
1.0, 1.0, 0, 1.0, 1.0,

1.0, 1.0, 0, 1.0, 1.0,
1.0, -1.0, 0, 1.0, 0.0,
-1.0, -1.0, 0, 0.0, 0.0,

], dtype=numpy.float32)

self.loadTexture()
self.buildShaders(_vertexShader, _fragmentShader)

self.VAO = GL.glGenVertexArrays(1)
GL.glBindVertexArray(self.VAO)

self.VBO = GL.glGenBuffers(1)
GL.glBindBuffer(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.VBO)
GL.glBufferData(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexData.nbytes, vertexData,
GL.GL_STATIC_DRAW)

positionAttrib = GL.glGetAttribLocation(self.shaderProgram, 'position')
coordsAttrib = GL.glGetAttribLocation(self.shaderProgram, 'texCoords')

GL.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
GL.glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)
GL.glVertexAttribPointer(positionAttrib, 3, GL.GL_FLOAT, GL.GL_FALSE, 20,
None)
# the last parameter is a pointer
GL.glVertexAttribPointer(coordsAttrib, 2, GL.GL_FLOAT, GL.GL_TRUE, 20,
ctypes.c_void_p(12))

# load texture and assign texture unit for shaders
self.texUnitUniform = GL.glGetUniformLocation(self.shaderProgram, 'texUnit')

# Finished
GL.glBindBuffer(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0)
GL.glBindVertexArray(0)

def render(self):
GL.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1)
GL.glClear(GL.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

# active shader program
GL.glUseProgram(self.shaderProgram)

try:
# Activate texture
GL.glActiveTexture(GL.GL_TEXTURE0)
GL.glBindTexture(GL.GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.texture)
GL.glUniform1i(self.texUnitUniform, 0)

# Activate array
GL.glBindVertexArray(self.VAO)

# draw triangle
GL.glDrawArrays(GL.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6)
finally:
GL.glBindVertexArray(0)
GL.glUseProgram(0)

def main():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640,480),pygame.OPENGL|pygame.DOUBLEBUF)
GL.glClearColor(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0)

camX = 0.0
camZ = 3.0

sprite = OpenGLSprite('logo-bluebg-square.png')

status = 0

while status == 0:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
status = 1
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
status = 1
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
camX -= 0.1
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
camX += 0.1

GLU.gluLookAt(camX,0.0,camZ,
0.0,0.0,0.0,
0.0,1.0,0.0)

sprite.render()

pygame.display.flip()

return 0

if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

无论我修改了什么参数，主游戏循环中的gluLookAt似乎都无能为力。用按键更改camX不会影响任何事情，它只会保持直视表面。据我了解，对gluLookAt的前三个输入应该是"相机"的位置，对吗？因此，如果它正视原点并且相机的X位置正在移动，则它应该正在旋转并移动表面，对吗？设置对象以使其与gluLookAt一起使用时，我需要做些特别的事情吗？调用它以将转换应用于某物后，我是否需要做某事？它是否需要在对象的绘图代码或gameLoop中？