Python Pytest自动化测试框架 @pytest.mark.skip()跳过执行

Time will tell.

一、skip 介绍

在自动化测试过程中经常会遇到功能阻塞、功能未实现、环境等一系列外部因素问题导致一些用例执行不了，这时就可以用到跳过skip用例，如果我们注释掉或删除掉，后面还要进行恢复操作。

1、skip跳过成功，标识为：

1	============================= 2 skipped in 0.04s ==============================

2、pytest.main(['-rs','test01.py']) 用 -rs 执行，跳过原因才会显示SKIPPED [1] test01.py:415:跳过 Test 类，会跳过类中所有方法。

3、skip跳过，无条件和原因@pytest.mark.skip()。

4、skip跳过，无需满足条件true、有跳过原因@pytest.mark.skipif(reason=‘无条件，只有跳过原因’)。

5、skip跳过，需满足条件true、且有跳过原因@pytest.mark.skipif(条件1==1,reason=‘跳过原因’)。

6、skip赋值变量，多处调用myskip=pytest.mark.skipif(1==1,reason=‘skip赋值给变量，可多处调用’)。

然后@myskip使用。

二、跳过测试类

@pytest.mark.skip()和@pytest.mark.skipif()两个标签，用它们装饰测试类：

被标记的类中所有方法测试用例都会被跳过。
被标记的类，当条件为ture时，会被跳过，否则不跳过。

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'''
skip跳过类
'''

import pytest,sys
@pytest.mark.skip(reason='跳过Test类，会跳过类中所有方法')
class Test(object):
def test_one(self):
assert 1==1
def test_two(self):
print('test_02')
assert 1==2
if __name__=='__main__':
pytest.main(['-rs','test01.py'])

"C:\Program Files\Python35\python.exe" C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/Test/test/test01.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-5.1.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\Test\test
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.5, html-1.22.0, metadata-1.8.0
collected 2 items

test01.py ss [100%]

=========================== short test summary info ===========================
SKIPPED [2] test01.py: 跳过Test类，会跳过类中所有方法
============================= 2 skipped in 0.07s ==============================

Process finished with exit code 0

#skip满足条件，skip跳过类

import pytest,sys
@pytest.mark.skipif(1==1,reason='跳过Test类，会跳过类中所有方法')
class Test(object):
def test_one(self):
assert 1==1
def test_two(self):
print('test_02')
assert 1==2
if __name__=='__main__':
pytest.main(['-rs','test01.py'])

"C:\Program Files\Python35\python.exe" C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/Test/test/test01.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-5.1.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\Test\test
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.5, html-1.22.0, metadata-1.8.0
collected 2 items

test01.py ss [100%]

=========================== short test summary info ===========================
SKIPPED [1] test01.py:415: 跳过Test类，会跳过类中所有方法
SKIPPED [1] test01.py:417: 跳过Test类，会跳过类中所有方法
============================= 2 skipped in 0.04s ==============================

Process finished with exit code 0

三、跳过方法或测试用例

想要某个方法或跳过某条用例，在方法上加以下3种都可以：

@pytest.mark.skip() #1、跳过方法或用例，未备注原因
@pytest.mark.skip(reason=‘跳过一个方法或一个测试用例’) #2、跳过方法或用例，备注了原因
@pytest.mark.skipif(1==1,reason=‘跳过一个方法或一个测试用例’) #3、当条件满足，跳过方法或用例，备注了原因

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'''
1、跳过方法或用例，未备注原因
'''

import pytest,sys
class Test(object):
@pytest.mark.skip()
def test_one(self):
assert 1==2
def test_two(self):
print('test_02')
assert 1==1
if __name__=='__main__':
pytest.main(['-rs','test01.py'])

"C:\Program Files\Python35\python.exe" C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/Test/test/test01.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-5.1.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\Test\test
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.5, html-1.22.0, metadata-1.8.0
collected 2 items

test01.py s. [100%]

=========================== short test summary info ===========================
SKIPPED [1] test01.py:414: unconditional skip
======================== 1 passed, 1 skipped in 0.04s =========================

Process finished with exit code 0

2、跳过方法或用例，备注了原因
import pytest,sys
class Test(object):
@pytest.mark.skip(reason='跳过一个方法或一个测试用例')
def test_one(self):
assert 1==2
def test_two(self):
print('test_02')
assert 1==1
if __name__=='__main__':
pytest.main(['-rs','test01.py'])

"C:\Program Files\Python35\python.exe" C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/Test/test/test01.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-5.1.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\Test\test
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.5, html-1.22.0, metadata-1.8.0
collected 2 items

test01.py s. [100%]

=========================== short test summary info ===========================
SKIPPED [1] test01.py:414: 跳过一个方法或一个测试用例
======================== 1 passed, 1 skipped in 0.05s =========================

Process finished with exit code 0

3、当条件满足，跳过方法或用例，备注了原因
import pytest,sys
class Test(object):
@pytest.mark.skipif(1==1,reason='跳过一个方法或一个测试用例')
def test_one(self):
assert 1==2
def test_two(self):
print('test_02')
assert 1==1
if __name__=='__main__':
pytest.main(['-rs','test01.py'])

"C:\Program Files\Python35\python.exe" C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/Test/test/test01.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-5.1.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\Test\test
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.5, html-1.22.0, metadata-1.8.0
collected 2 items

test01.py s. [100%]

=========================== short test summary info ===========================
SKIPPED [1] test01.py:414: 跳过一个方法或一个测试用例
======================== 1 passed, 1 skipped in 0.06s =========================

Process finished with exit code 0

四、多个 skip 时，满足1个条件即跳过

我们在类和方法上分别加了skip，类中满足条件，方法中未满足条件，所以生效类中skip。

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import pytest,sys

@pytest.mark.skipif(1==1,reason='多个条件时，有1个条件满足就跳过(类)')
class Test(object):
@pytest.mark.skipif(1==2, reason='多个条件时，有1个条件满足就跳过(方法)')
def test_one(self):
assert 1==2
def test_two(self):
print('test_02')
assert 1==1
if __name__=='__main__':
pytest.main(['-rs','test01.py'])

"C:\Program Files\Python35\python.exe" C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/Test/test/test01.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-5.1.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\Test\test
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.5, html-1.22.0, metadata-1.8.0
collected 2 items

test01.py ss [100%]

=========================== short test summary info ===========================
SKIPPED [1] test01.py:418: 多个条件时，有1个条件满足就跳过(类)
SKIPPED [1] test01.py:415: 多个条件时，有1个条件满足就跳过(类)
============================= 2 skipped in 0.04s ==============================

五、skip 赋值给变量，可多出调用

无论是@pytest.mark.skip()标签还是@pytest.mark.skipif()标签，如果你想在多个测试方法上装饰，依次写起来很麻烦的话，你可以选择定义个变量让它等于标签，然后在装饰的时候用该变量代替标签。

这种方法你还可以通过在其他模块中导入的变量的方式，在其他模块中共享标签。如果可以这样的话，那为什么不新建一个模块用来存放标签呢？这样是不是又方便了许多。

赋值：myskip=pytest.mark.skipif(1==1,reason=‘skip赋值给变量，可多处调用’)

调用：@myskip

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import pytest,sys
myskip=pytest.mark.skipif(1==1,reason='skip赋值给变量，可多处调用')
class Test(object):
@myskip
def test_one(self):
assert 1==2
def test_two(self):
print('test_02')
assert 1==1
if __name__=='__main__':
pytest.main(['-rs','test01.py'])

"C:\Program Files\Python35\python.exe" C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/Test/test/test01.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-5.1.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\Test\test
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.5, html-1.22.0, metadata-1.8.0
collected 2 items

test01.py s. [100%]

=========================== short test summary info ===========================
SKIPPED [1] test01.py:415: skip赋值给变量，可多处调用
======================== 1 passed, 1 skipped in 0.07s =========================

Process finished with exit code 0

六、pytest.skip() 方法内跳过

除了通过使用标签的方式，还可以在测试用例中调用pytest.skip()方法来实现跳过，可以选择传入msg参数来说明跳过原因；如果想要通过判断是否跳过，可以写在 if 判断里（_）。

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import pytest,sys
class Test(object):
def test_one(self):
pytest.skip(msg='跳过')
assert 1==2
def test_two(self):
print('test_02')
assert 1==1
if __name__=='__main__':
pytest.main(['-rs','test01.py'])

"C:\Program Files\Python35\python.exe" C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/Test/test/test01.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-5.1.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\Test\test
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.5, html-1.22.0, metadata-1.8.0
collected 2 items

test01.py s. [100%]

=========================== short test summary info ===========================
SKIPPED [1] c:\users\wangli\pycharmprojects\test\test\test01.py:416: 跳过
======================== 1 passed, 1 skipped in 0.04s =========================

Process finished with exit code 0

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Time will tell.（时间会证明一切）