问题背景：
帮同学写了个绘制词云的程序，想打包成.exe文件发过去，结果打包的文件总是缺各种各样的包，几乎调试了一天...，说下爬坑经历。出现的问题有点多到记不清了，不过总的问题就是缺包，而且缺了个很重要的包cairo，绘制词云的时候会用到绘图方面的，所以需要这个包。
出现问题：
如果缺包的话，在打包过程中可能会提示出如下报错：
fatal error C1083:Cannot open include file: 'cairo.h': No such file or directory
或者
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'cairo'
或者
OSError:no library called "cairo" was found
no library called "libcairo-2" was found
cannot load library 'libcairo.so': error 0x7e
cannot load library 'libcairo.2.dylib': error 0x7e
cannot load library 'libcairo-2.dll': error 0x7e
既然报错，那就开始装包，如果直接装cairo包会失败，应该是没这个库，在Python上是pycairo库。
直接pip装pycairo包也会安装失败
报错
Running setup.py install for pycairo ... error
ERROR: Failed building wheel for pycairo
在查过一些资料后发现，pycairo需要编译才能正常安装，这就比较头疼，因为没有编译的环境。
后来这个问题就被搁置在了一边。。。
在接触完Python的基础语法后，经老师讲解才知道了一个专门维护Python需要编译包才能安装的网站，上面是已经编译后的第三方包，下载后直接安装就成。
具体的可以在这篇找到：
Python部分第三方库简要介绍及近期Python入门学习笔记
下载后，安装pycairo就能够成功安装了。
安装包从上面网站下当然可以，不过速度嘛，确实不敢恭维，1M的包都能下好几次，索性我将下载成功的包放到了CSDN我的资源那里，有需要的可以去免费下载。记得对应Python的版本和位号，cp后面是Python版本号。
目前不知道CSDN抽什么风，3.7版本的pycairo一直传不上去（明明还没有传过），如果实在下不下来，可以试一试下3.8版本的，不过我不知道会不会有兼容错误。
当然，现在生成的.exe还是不能正常运行...，估计还得调试，下面贴一些返回信息，与本文关联不大，有兴趣的可以看看。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 | 112 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.6 113 INFO: Python: 3.8.1 113 INFO: Platform: Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1 115 INFO: wrote E:\Python\File\DrawWordCloudVersion1.0.spec 128 INFO: UPX is not available. 140 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths ['E:\\Python\\File', 'E:\\Python\\File'] 141 INFO: checking Analysis 141 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent 142 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph... 146 INFO: Caching module graph hooks... 154 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ... 4146 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook distutils 4147 INFO: distutils: retargeting to non-venv dir 'e:\\python\\python3.8.1\\lib' 6294 INFO: Caching module dependency graph... 6443 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc 6471 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable required by e:\python\python3.8.1\python.exe 6875 INFO: Analyzing E:\Python\File\DrawWordCloudVersion1.0.py 7123 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook site 7124 INFO: site: retargeting to fake-dir 'e:\\python\\python3.8.1\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\fake-modules' 8109 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook setuptools.extern.six.moves 15851 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook six.moves 18713 INFO: Processing module hooks... 18713 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-distutils.py"... 18716 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"... 18852 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-lib2to3.py"... 18859 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-matplotlib.backends.py"... 19885 INFO: Matplotlib backend "GTK3Agg": ignored The GTK3 backends require PyGObject 20516 INFO: Matplotlib backend "GTK3Cairo": ignored The GTK3 backends require PyGObject 20982 INFO: Matplotlib backend "MacOSX": ignored cannot import name '_macosx' from 'matplotlib.backends' (e:\python\python3.8.1\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\__init__.py) 21452 INFO: Matplotlib backend "nbAgg": ignored No module named 'IPython' 22016 INFO: Matplotlib backend "Qt4Agg": added 22582 INFO: Matplotlib backend "Qt4Cairo": added 23145 INFO: Matplotlib backend "Qt5Agg": added 23694 INFO: Matplotlib backend "Qt5Cairo": added 24350 INFO: Matplotlib backend "TkAgg": added 25008 INFO: Matplotlib backend "TkCairo": added 25675 INFO: Matplotlib backend "WebAgg": added 26291 INFO: Matplotlib backend "WX": ignored No module named 'wx' 26766 INFO: Matplotlib backend "WXAgg": ignored No module named 'wx' 27230 INFO: Matplotlib backend "WXCairo": ignored No module named 'wx' 27723 INFO: Matplotlib backend "agg": added 28204 INFO: Matplotlib backend "cairo": added 28853 INFO: Matplotlib backend "pdf": added 29498 INFO: Matplotlib backend "pgf": added 30036 INFO: Matplotlib backend "ps": added 30518 INFO: Matplotlib backend "svg": added 31127 INFO: Matplotlib backend "template": added 31740 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-matplotlib.py"... 32160 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.core.py"... 32307 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.py"... 32309 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.Image.py"... 32710 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.py"... 32713 INFO: Excluding import 'tkinter' 32715 INFO: Removing import of tkinter from module PIL.ImageTk 32716 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'FixTk' 32716 INFO: Excluding import 'PyQt4' 32720 INFO: Excluding import 'PySide' 32724 INFO: Excluding import 'PyQt5' 32730 INFO: Removing import of PyQt5.QtCore from module PIL.ImageQt 32731 INFO: Removing import of PyQt5.QtGui from module PIL.ImageQt 32733 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.SpiderImagePlugin.py"... 32735 INFO: Excluding import 'tkinter' 32737 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'FixTk' 32737 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pkg_resources.py"... 33318 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook win32com 33447 INFO: Excluding import '__main__' 33449 INFO: Removing import of __main__ from module pkg_resources 33450 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pycparser.py"... 33451 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"... 33453 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.py"... 33636 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtCore.py"... 33736 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtGui.py"... 34017 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtWidgets.py"... 34322 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pythoncom.py"... 34754 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pywintypes.py"... 35206 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-scipy.py"... 35212 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-setuptools.py"... 35932 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-sysconfig.py"... 35933 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-win32com.py"... 36310 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.dom.domreg.py"... 36311 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.etree.cElementTree.py"... 36312 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"... 36313 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-_tkinter.py"... 36569 INFO: checking Tree 36569 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-00.toc is non existent 36570 INFO: Building Tree Tree-00.toc 36662 INFO: checking Tree 36662 INFO: Building Tree because Tree-01.toc is non existent 36662 INFO: Building Tree Tree-01.toc 36730 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs 36829 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ... 36837 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth__tkinter.py' 36840 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_multiprocessing.py' 36844 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_pkgres.py' 36846 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_win32comgenpy.py' 36852 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_pyqt5.py' 36854 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_mplconfig.py' 36857 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_mpldata.py' 36885 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries 38980 INFO: Looking for eggs 38981 INFO: Using Python library e:\python\python3.8.1\python38.dll 38981 INFO: Found binding redirects: [] 38995 INFO: Warnings written to E:\Python\File\build\DrawWordCloudVersion1.0\warn-DrawWordCloudVersion1.0.txt 39192 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to E:\Python\File\build\DrawWordCloudVersion1.0\xref-DrawWordCloudVersion1.0.html 39261 INFO: checking PYZ 39261 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent 39262 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) E:\Python\File\build\DrawWordCloudVersion1.0\PYZ-00.pyz 41557 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) E:\Python\File\build\DrawWordCloudVersion1.0\PYZ-00.pyz completed successfully. 41599 INFO: checking PKG 41600 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent 41600 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg 75198 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully. 75238 INFO: Bootloader e:\python\python3.8.1\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\bootloader\Windows-64bit\run.exe 75239 INFO: checking EXE 75240 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent 75240 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc 75241 INFO: Appending archive to EXE E:\Python\File\dist\DrawWordCloudVersion1.0.exe 75351 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully. |