关于java:如何在Android应用程序中使用现有数据库

How to use an existing database with an Android application

本问题已经有最佳答案,请猛点这里访问。

我已经创建了一个SQLite数据库。 我想在我的Android项目中使用这个数据库文件。 我想将此数据库与我的应用程序捆绑在一起。

应用程序如何才能访问此数据库并将其用作数据库,而不是创建新数据库?


注意:
在尝试此代码之前,请在以下代码中找到以下行:

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private static String DB_NAME ="YourDbName"; // Database name

这里的DB_NAME是您的数据库的名称。假设您在assets文件夹中有一个数据库副本,例如,如果您的数据库名称是ordersDB,那么DB_NAME的值将是ordersDB,

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private static String DB_NAME ="ordersDB";

将数据库保存在assets文件夹中,然后按照以下步骤操作:

DataHelper类:

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import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;

public class DataBaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper
{
    private static String TAG ="DataBaseHelper"; // Tag just for the LogCat window
    //destination path (location) of our database on device
    private static String DB_PATH ="";
    private static String DB_NAME ="YourDbName";// Database name
    private SQLiteDatabase mDataBase;
    private final Context mContext;

    public DataBaseHelper(Context context)
    {
        super(context, DB_NAME, null, 1);// 1? Its database Version
        if(android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 17){
           DB_PATH = context.getApplicationInfo().dataDir +"/databases/";
        }
        else
        {
           DB_PATH ="/data/data/" + context.getPackageName() +"/databases/";
        }
        this.mContext = context;
    }

    public void createDataBase() throws IOException
    {
        //If the database does not exist, copy it from the assets.

        boolean mDataBaseExist = checkDataBase();
        if(!mDataBaseExist)
        {
            this.getReadableDatabase();
            this.close();
            try
            {
                //Copy the database from assests
                copyDataBase();
                Log.e(TAG,"createDatabase database created");
            }
            catch (IOException mIOException)
            {
                throw new Error("ErrorCopyingDataBase");
            }
        }
    }

    //Check that the database exists here: /data/data/your package/databases/Da Name
    private boolean checkDataBase()
    {
        File dbFile = new File(DB_PATH + DB_NAME);
        //Log.v("dbFile", dbFile +"  "+ dbFile.exists());
        return dbFile.exists();
    }

    //Copy the database from assets
    private void copyDataBase() throws IOException
    {
        InputStream mInput = mContext.getAssets().open(DB_NAME);
        String outFileName = DB_PATH + DB_NAME;
        OutputStream mOutput = new FileOutputStream(outFileName);
        byte[] mBuffer = new byte[1024];
        int mLength;
        while ((mLength = mInput.read(mBuffer))>0)
        {
            mOutput.write(mBuffer, 0, mLength);
        }
        mOutput.flush();
        mOutput.close();
        mInput.close();
    }

    //Open the database, so we can query it
    public boolean openDataBase() throws SQLException
    {
        String mPath = DB_PATH + DB_NAME;
        //Log.v("mPath", mPath);
        mDataBase = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(mPath, null, SQLiteDatabase.CREATE_IF_NECESSARY);
        //mDataBase = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(mPath, null, SQLiteDatabase.NO_LOCALIZED_COLLATORS);
        return mDataBase != null;
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized void close()
    {
        if(mDataBase != null)
            mDataBase.close();
        super.close();
    }
}

编写一个DataAdapter类,如:

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import java.io.IOException;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.util.Log;

public class TestAdapter
{
    protected static final String TAG ="DataAdapter";

    private final Context mContext;
    private SQLiteDatabase mDb;
    private DataBaseHelper mDbHelper;

    public TestAdapter(Context context)
    {
        this.mContext = context;
        mDbHelper = new DataBaseHelper(mContext);
    }

    public TestAdapter createDatabase() throws SQLException
    {
        try
        {
            mDbHelper.createDataBase();
        }
        catch (IOException mIOException)
        {
            Log.e(TAG, mIOException.toString() +"  UnableToCreateDatabase");
            throw new Error("UnableToCreateDatabase");
        }
        return this;
    }

    public TestAdapter open() throws SQLException
    {
        try
        {
            mDbHelper.openDataBase();
            mDbHelper.close();
            mDb = mDbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        }
        catch (SQLException mSQLException)
        {
            Log.e(TAG,"open >>"+ mSQLException.toString());
            throw mSQLException;
        }
        return this;
    }

    public void close()
    {
        mDbHelper.close();
    }

     public Cursor getTestData()
     {
         try
         {
             String sql ="SELECT * FROM myTable";

              Cursor mCur = mDb.rawQuery(sql, null);
             if (mCur!=null)
             {
                mCur.moveToNext();
             }
             return mCur;
         }
         catch (SQLException mSQLException)
         {
             Log.e(TAG,"getTestData >>"+ mSQLException.toString());
             throw mSQLException;
         }
     }
}

现在您可以使用它:

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TestAdapter mDbHelper = new TestAdapter(urContext);
mDbHelper.createDatabase();
mDbHelper.open();

Cursor testdata = mDbHelper.getTestData();

mDbHelper.close();

编辑:感谢JDx

对于Android  4.1(Jelly Bean),更改:

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DB_PATH ="/data/data/" + context.getPackageName() +"/databases/";

至:

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DB_PATH = context.getApplicationInfo().dataDir +"/databases/";

在DataHelper类中,此代码适用于JB 4.2多用户。


如果您有预先构建的数据库而不是将其复制到asset文件夹中并创建一个新类作为DataBaseHelper来实现SQLiteOpenHelper
比使用以下代码:

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import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;

public class DataBaseHelperClass extends SQLiteOpenHelper{
 //The Android's default system path of your application database.
private static String DB_PATH ="/data/data/package_name/databases/";
// Data Base Name.
private static final String DATABASE_NAME ="DBName.sqlite";
// Data Base Version.
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
// Table Names of Data Base.
static final String TABLE_Name ="tableName";

public Context context;
static SQLiteDatabase sqliteDataBase;

/**
 * Constructor
 * Takes and keeps a reference of the passed context in order to access to the application assets and resources.
 * @param context
 * Parameters of super() are    1. Context
 *                              2. Data Base Name.
 *                              3. Cursor Factory.
 *                              4. Data Base Version.
 */

public DataBaseHelperClass(Context context) {      
    super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null ,DATABASE_VERSION);
    this.context = context;
}

/**
 * Creates a empty database on the system and rewrites it with your own database.
 * By calling this method and empty database will be created into the default system path
 * of your application so we are gonna be able to overwrite that database with our database.
 * */

public void createDataBase() throws IOException{
    //check if the database exists
    boolean databaseExist = checkDataBase();

    if(databaseExist){
        // Do Nothing.
    }else{
        this.getWritableDatabase();        
        copyDataBase();
    }// end if else dbExist
} // end createDataBase().

/**
 * Check if the database already exist to avoid re-copying the file each time you open the application.
 * @return true if it exists, false if it doesn't
 */

public boolean checkDataBase(){
    File databaseFile = new File(DB_PATH + DATABASE_NAME);
    return databaseFile.exists();        
}

/**
 * Copies your database from your local assets-folder to the just created empty database in the
 * system folder, from where it can be accessed and handled.
 * This is done by transferring byte stream.
 * */

private void copyDataBase() throws IOException{
    //Open your local db as the input stream
    InputStream myInput = context.getAssets().open(DATABASE_NAME);
    // Path to the just created empty db
    String outFileName = DB_PATH + DATABASE_NAME;
    //Open the empty db as the output stream
    OutputStream myOutput = new FileOutputStream(outFileName);
    //transfer bytes from the input file to the output file
    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    int length;
    while ((length = myInput.read(buffer))>0){
        myOutput.write(buffer, 0, length);
    }

    //Close the streams
    myOutput.flush();
    myOutput.close();
    myInput.close();
}

/**
 * This method opens the data base connection.
 * First it create the path up till data base of the device.
 * Then create connection with data base.
 */

public void openDataBase() throws SQLException{      
    //Open the database
    String myPath = DB_PATH + DATABASE_NAME;
    sqliteDataBase = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(myPath, null, SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READWRITE);  
}

/**
 * This Method is used to close the data base connection.
 */

@Override
public synchronized void close() {
    if(sqliteDataBase != null)
        sqliteDataBase.close();
    super.close();
}

/**
* Apply your methods and class to fetch data using raw or queries on data base using
* following demo example code as:
*/

public String getUserNameFromDB(){
    String query ="select User_First_Name From"+TABLE_USER_DETAILS;
    Cursor cursor = sqliteDataBase.rawQuery(query, null);
    String userName = null;
    if(cursor.getCount()>0){
        if(cursor.moveToFirst()){
    do{
                userName = cursor.getString(0);
            }while (cursor.moveToNext());
        }
    }
    return userName;
}


@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
    // No need to write the create table query.
    // As we are using Pre built data base.
    // Which is ReadOnly.
}

@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
    // No need to write the update table query.
    // As we are using Pre built data base.
    // Which is ReadOnly.
    // We should not update it as requirements of application.
}  
}

希望对你有帮助...


关于这个问题,我遇到了其他DatabaseHelpers的麻烦,不知道为什么
这对我有用:

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import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;

public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

  private static final String TAG = DatabaseHelper.class.getSimpleName();

  private final Context context;
  private final String assetPath;
  private final String dbPath;

  public DatabaseHelper(Context context, String dbName, String assetPath)
      throws IOException {
    super(context, dbName, null, 1);
    this.context = context;
    this.assetPath = assetPath;
    this.dbPath ="/data/data/"
        + context.getApplicationContext().getPackageName() +"/databases/"
        + dbName;
    checkExists();
  }

  /**
   * Checks if the database asset needs to be copied and if so copies it to the
   * default location.
   *
   * @throws IOException
   */

  private void checkExists() throws IOException {
    Log.i(TAG,"checkExists()");

    File dbFile = new File(dbPath);

    if (!dbFile.exists()) {

      Log.i(TAG,"creating database..");

      dbFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
      copyStream(context.getAssets().open(assetPath), new FileOutputStream(
          dbFile));

      Log.i(TAG, assetPath +" has been copied to" + dbFile.getAbsolutePath());
    }

  }

  private void copyStream(InputStream is, OutputStream os) throws IOException {
    byte buf[] = new byte[1024];
    int c = 0;
    while (true) {
      c = is.read(buf);
      if (c == -1)
        break;
      os.write(buf, 0, c);
    }
    is.close();
    os.close();
  }

  @Override
  public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
  }

  @Override
  public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
  }
}

如果您已有数据库,请将其保存在资产文件夹中并将其复制到应用程序中。有关更多详细信息,请参阅Android数据库基础。


您可以使用内容提供商执行此操作。应用程序中使用的每个数据项对应用程序保持私有。如果应用程序想要跨应用程序共享数据,则只有使用内容提供程序实现此目的的技术,内容提供程序提供访问该私有数据的接口。