关于python:错误:在Docker中的Alpine上安装psycopg2时找不到pg_config可执行文件

Error: pg_config executable not found when installing psycopg2 on Alpine in Docker

我正在尝试使用Postgres和Docker构建Flask应用程序。 我想连接到Postgres的AWS RDS实例,但是使用Docker作为我的Flask应用程序。 但是,在尝试设置psycopg2时,它会遇到错误,因为找不到pg_config。 这是错误:

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Building api
Step 1/5 : FROM python:3.6.3-alpine3.6
 ---> 84c98ca3b5c5
Step 2/5 : WORKDIR /usr/src/app
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 407c158f5ee4
Step 3/5 : COPY . .
 ---> 966df18d329e
Step 4/5 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
 ---> Running in 284cc97aeb63
Collecting aniso8601==1.3.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading aniso8601-1.3.0.tar.gz (57kB)
Collecting click==6.7 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
  Downloading click-6.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (71kB)
Collecting Flask==0.12.2 (from -r requirements.txt (line 3))
  Downloading Flask-0.12.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (83kB)
Collecting Flask-RESTful==0.3.6 (from -r requirements.txt (line 4))
  Downloading Flask_RESTful-0.3.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting Flask-SQLAlchemy==2.3.2 (from -r requirements.txt (line 5))
  Downloading Flask_SQLAlchemy-2.3.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting itsdangerous==0.24 (from -r requirements.txt (line 6))
  Downloading itsdangerous-0.24.tar.gz (46kB)
Collecting Jinja2==2.9.6 (from -r requirements.txt (line 7))
  Downloading Jinja2-2.9.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (340kB)
Collecting MarkupSafe==1.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 8))
  Downloading MarkupSafe-1.0.tar.gz
Collecting psycopg2==2.7.3.1 (from -r requirements.txt (line 9))
  Downloading psycopg2-2.7.3.1.tar.gz (425kB)
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    running egg_info
    creating pip-egg-info/psycopg2.egg-info
    writing pip-egg-info/psycopg2.egg-info/PKG-INFO
    writing dependency_links to pip-egg-info/psycopg2.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
    writing top-level names to pip-egg-info/psycopg2.egg-info/top_level.txt
    writing manifest file 'pip-egg-info/psycopg2.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
    Error: pg_config executable not found.

    Please add the directory containing pg_config to the PATH
    or specify the full executable path with the option:

        python setup.py build_ext --pg-config /path/to/pg_config build ...

    or with the pg_config option in 'setup.cfg'.

    ----------------------------------------
Command"python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-01lf5grh/psycopg2/
ERROR: Service 'api' failed to build: The command '/bin/sh -c pip install -r requirements.txt' returned a non-zero code: 1

这是我的Dockerfile

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FROM python:3.6.3-alpine3.6

WORKDIR /usr/src/app

COPY . .

RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

CMD ["python","app.py"]

许多其他人似乎在本地有类似的问题,但没有一个涉及使用Docker。 这似乎是一个Docker问题,因为我可以设置一个本地虚拟环境,并且设置工作正常,因为我在本地安装了Postgres,并且它能够找到我的本地pg_config

看来在容器构建/设置期间,Docker正试图在容器中找到pg_config。 有没有办法在容器中安装pg_config,即使我不会使用Postgres的容器化实例,而是使用RDS上的实例?

欢迎任何和所有关于如何解决这个问题的建议。 谢谢!


使用Python 3.4.8,3.5.5,3.6.5和2.7.14测试(只需用2替换3):

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# You can use a specific version too, like python:3.6.5-alpine3.7
FROM python:3-alpine

WORKDIR /usr/src/app

COPY requirements.txt .

RUN \
 apk add --no-cache postgresql-libs && \
 apk add --no-cache --virtual .build-deps gcc musl-dev postgresql-dev && \
 python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt --no-cache-dir && \
 apk --purge del .build-deps

COPY . .

CMD ["python3","app.py"]

说明:要构建Psycopg,您需要包gcc musl-dev postgresql-dev。 然后你还需要pg_config可执行文件:只需安装postgresql-dev即可,postgresql-libs也可以,并且占用的空间减少了12 MB。

这是答案的原始版本(基于此Dockerfile),我将Python手动安装到纯Alpine图像上,因为那时Python没有为Python 3.6和Alpine 3.7提供Docker镜像。 如果你想像这样安装Python 2.7,也要做apk add py2-pip(在旧的Alpine repos中称为py-pip)。

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FROM alpine:3.7

WORKDIR /usr/src/app

COPY requirements.txt .

RUN \
 apk add --no-cache python3 postgresql-libs && \
 apk add --no-cache --virtual .build-deps gcc python3-dev musl-dev postgresql-dev && \
 python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt --no-cache-dir && \
 apk --purge del .build-deps

COPY . .

CMD ["python3","app.py"]


你可以尝试:

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pip install psycopg2-binary