How can I catch multiple exceptions?
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我通常很擅长捕捉异常，但这群人让我困惑。下面是我正在使用的代码(它使用pywinrm)：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | import socket def win_Upgrade_Check(kbByOS): for os in kbByOS: print(os) try: conn = winrm.Session(os, auth=("administrator","****")) for kb in kbByOS[os]: resp = conn.run_ps("get-hotfix -id {0}".format(kb)) output = resp.std_out.decode('utf-8') error = resp.std_err if error: print("KB{} not found on {}.".format(error,os)) else: print("{} found on {}.".format(kb,os)) except timeout as e: print(e) pass |
以下是我收到的错误呕吐词：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 | Traceback (most recent call last): File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/requests/packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 142, in _new_conn (self.host, self.port), self.timeout, **extra_kw) File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/requests/packages/urllib3/util/connection.py", line 91, in create_connection raise err File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/requests/packages/urllib3/util/connection.py", line 81, in create_connection sock.connect(sa) socket.timeout: timed out Traceback (most recent call last): File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/requests/packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 142, in _new_conn (self.host, self.port), self.timeout, **extra_kw) File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/requests/packages/urllib3/util/connection.py", line 91, in create_connection raise err File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/requests/packages/urllib3/util/connection.py", line 81, in create_connection sock.connect(sa) socket.timeout: timed out During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/requests/packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 578, in urlopen chunked=chunked) File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/requests/packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 362, in _make_request conn.request(method, url, **httplib_request_kw) File"/usr/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 1106, in request self._send_request(method, url, body, headers) File"/usr/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 1151, in _send_request self.endheaders(body) File"/usr/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 1102, in endheaders self._send_output(message_body) File"/usr/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 934, in _send_output self.send(msg) File"/usr/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 877, in send self.connect() File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/requests/packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 167, in connect conn = self._new_conn() File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/requests/packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 147, in _new_conn (self.host, self.timeout)) requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions.ConnectTimeoutError: (<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7fc019afed30>, 'Connection to **** timed out. (connect timeout=30)') During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 403, in send timeout=timeout File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/requests/packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 623, in urlopen _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]) File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/requests/packages/urllib3/util/retry.py", line 281, in increment raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause)) requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='****', port=5985): Max retries exceeded with url: /wsman (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7fc019afed30>, 'Connection to **** timed out. (connect timeout=30)')) During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File"bulletin_parse.py", line 258, in <module> win_Upgrade_Check(kbByOS) File"bulletin_parse.py", line 247, in win_Upgrade_Check resp = conn.run_ps("get-hotfix -id {0}".format(kb)) File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/winrm/__init__.py", line 54, in run_ps rs = self.run_cmd('powershell -encodedcommand {0}'.format(encoded_ps)) File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/winrm/__init__.py", line 41, in run_cmd shell_id = self.protocol.open_shell() File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/winrm/protocol.py", line 132, in open_shell res = self.send_message(xmltodict.unparse(req)) File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/winrm/protocol.py", line 207, in send_message return self.transport.send_message(message) File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/winrm/transport.py", line 173, in send_message response = self.session.send(prepared_request, timeout=self.read_timeout_sec) File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 585, in send r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs) File"/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 459, in send raise ConnectTimeout(e, request=request) requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout: HTTPConnectionPool(host='****', port=5985): Max retries exceeded with url: /wsman (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7fc019afed30>, 'Connection to **** timed out. (connect timeout=30)')) |
正如您在我当前的代码中看到的，我首先尝试捕获socket.timeout。我也试着把它改为除e之外的例外，认为"一网打尽"甚至比我现在拥有的更好，但也失败了。我尝试编辑transport.py为requests.exceptions.connectTimeout添加一个异常，但这也无法捕获它。
是否有一些特殊的事情需要做，因为它的多个例外发生？
您可以根据需要添加任意多个不同的异常：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | try: doMyFavoriteThing() except ValueError: print"Whoops!" except timeout: print"Whoopsies!" except MaxRetryError: print"Whoopsie daisies!" |
或者，如果要捕获所有异常，因为所有异常都是
1 2 3 4 | try: doMyFavoriteThing() except Exception as e: print str(e) |
当然，第一种方法通常被认为是更好的——您可能会发现其他格式的名称错误或其他愚蠢的错误。
回答你的第一个问题：如何捕获多个异常？
您可以这样简单地嵌套异常：
(来自python文档。https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html处理异常)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | import sys try: f = open('myfile.txt') s = f.readline() i = int(s.strip()) except OSError as err: print("OS error: {0}".format(err)) except ValueError: print("Could not convert data to an integer.") except: print("Unexpected error:", sys.exc_info()[0]) raise |
首先，如果没有
如果有这样一个文件但没有内容，那么第二个异常将被抛出等等。
但是，为了帮助您解决第二个问题：没有抛出
因此，将代码更改为：
1 2 | except socket.timeout as e: print(e) |
这应该能解决你的问题。