关于rails上的ruby：无法构建本机扩展

Failure to build native extension

我是rails的新手，并试图从SQLite3将我的默认DB切换到Postgres。我遇到了一个错误。我正在使用gem install pg并收到此错误错误：安装pg时出错：错误：无法构建gem本机扩展。我正在使用Mavericks OSX和Ruby 1.9.3，Rails 3.2.12和PG 9.3--目标是将一个示例应用程序部署到heroku(它似乎不支持SQLite。

我试过的步骤：

链接1：在OS X上安装PG gem - 无法构建本机扩展

链接2(heroku说明)：https：//devcenter.heroku.com/articles/sqlite3

编辑包含以下特定错误消息：

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HEAD https://rubygems.org/latest_specs.4.8.gz
302 Moved Temporarily
HEAD https://s3.amazonaws.com/production.s3.rubygems.org/latest_specs.4.8.gz
304 NOT Modified
HEAD https://rubygems.org/specs.4.8.gz
302 Moved Temporarily
HEAD https://s3.amazonaws.com/production.s3.rubygems.org/specs.4.8.gz
304 NOT Modified
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/.gemtest
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/BSDL
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ChangeLog
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/Contributors.rdoc
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/History.rdoc
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/LICENSE
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/Manifest.txt
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/POSTGRES
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/README-OS_X.rdoc
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/README-Windows.rdoc
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/README.ja.rdoc
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/README.rdoc
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/Rakefile
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/Rakefile.cross
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/errorcodes.def
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/errorcodes.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/errorcodes.txt
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/extconf.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/gvl_wrappers.c
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/gvl_wrappers.h
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/pg.c
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/pg.h
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/pg_connection.c
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/pg_errors.c
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/pg_result.c
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/vc/pg.sln
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/vc/pg_18/pg.vcproj
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/vc/pg_19/pg_19.vcproj
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/lib/pg.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/lib/pg/connection.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/lib/pg/constants.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/lib/pg/exceptions.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/lib/pg/RESULT.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/array_insert.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/async_api.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/async_copyto.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/async_mixed.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/check_conn.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/copyfrom.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/copyto.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/cursor.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/disk_usage_report.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/issue-119.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/losample.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/minimal-testcase.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/notify_wait.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/pg_statistics.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/replication_monitor.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/test_binary_values.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/wal_shipper.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/sample/warehouse_partitions.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/spec/DATA/expected_trace.out
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/spec/DATA/random_binary_data
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/spec/lib/helpers.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/spec/pg/connection_spec.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/spec/pg/result_spec.rb
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p392/gems/pg-0.17.0/spec/pg_spec.rb
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking FOR pg_config... yes
USING config VALUES FROM /usr/LOCAL/bin/pg_config
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could NOT CREATE Makefile due TO SOME reason, probably lack OF
necessary libraries AND/OR headers. CHECK the mkmf.log file FOR more
details. You may need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/bin/ruby
--with-pg
--without-pg
--with-pg-config
--without-pg-config
--with-pg_config
--without-pg_config
--with-pg-dir
--without-pg-dir
--with-pg-include
--without-pg-include=${pg-dir}/include
--with-pg-lib
--without-pg-lib=${pg-dir}/lib
/usr/LOCAL/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:381:IN `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
from /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:461:in `try_link0'
from /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:476:in `try_link'
FROM extconf.rb:39:IN `<main>'
ERROR: Error installing pg:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

Building has failed. See above output for more information on the failure.

Gem files will remain installed in /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/pg-0.17.0 for inspection.
Results logged to /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p392/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/pg-0.17.0/ext/gem_make.out