Ruby on rails：数据库sqlite3到PostgreSQL [RAILS]

Ruby on rails : Data base sqlite3 to PostgreSQL [RALS]

本问题已经有最佳答案，请猛点这里访问。

我正在我的rails项目中将我的数据库从sqlite3转换为PostgreSQL，所以我遵循这个教程：https：//devcenter.heroku.com/articles/sqlite3

我完成了所有必要的更改，但最后我想要发出命令：

1 2	rake db:create rake db:migrate

我有这些错误：

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FATAL: role"ubuntu" does not exist
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:825:in `initialize'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:825:in `new'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:825:in `connect'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:542:in `initialize'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:41:in `new'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:41:in `postgresql_connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:440:in `new_connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:450:in `checkout_new_connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:421:in `acquire_connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:356:in `block in checkout'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/2.0.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:355:in `checkout'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:265:in `block in connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/2.0.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:264:in `connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:546:in `retrieve_connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:79:in `retrieve_connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:53:in `connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb:8:in `connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb:17:in `create'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:72:in `create'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:86:in `block in create_current'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:182:in `block in each_current_configuration'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:181:in `each'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:181:in `each_current_configuration'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:85:in `create_current'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:20:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:236:in `call'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:236:in `block in execute'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:231:in `each'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:231:in `execute'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:175:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/2.0.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:168:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:161:in `invoke'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:149:in `invoke_task'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block (2 levels) in top_level'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `each'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block in top_level'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:115:in `run_with_threads'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:100:in `top_level'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:78:in `block in run'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:165:in `standard_exception_handling'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:75:in `run'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/bin/rake:33:in `<top (required)>'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/bin/rake:23:in `load'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/bin/rake:23:in `<main>'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
Couldn't create database for {"adapter"=>"postgresql","database"=>"my_data_base_development","pool"=>5,"timeout"=>5000}
FATAL: role"ubuntu" does not exist
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:825:in `initialize'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:825:in `new'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:825:in `connect'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:542:in `initialize'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:41:in `new'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:41:in `postgresql_connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:440:in `new_connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:450:in `checkout_new_connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:421:in `acquire_connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:356:in `block in checkout'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/2.0.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:355:in `checkout'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:265:in `block in connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/2.0.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:264:in `connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:546:in `retrieve_connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:79:in `retrieve_connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:53:in `connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb:8:in `connection'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb:17:in `create'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:72:in `create'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:86:in `block in create_current'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:182:in `block in each_current_configuration'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:181:in `each'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:181:in `each_current_configuration'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:85:in `create_current'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/activerecord-4.0.0/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:20:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:236:in `call'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:236:in `block in execute'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:231:in `each'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:231:in `execute'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:175:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/2.0.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:168:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:161:in `invoke'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:149:in `invoke_task'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block (2 levels) in top_level'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `each'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block in top_level'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:115:in `run_with_threads'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:100:in `top_level'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:78:in `block in run'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:165:in `standard_exception_handling'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:75:in `run'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/gems/rake-10.1.0/bin/rake:33:in `<top (required)>'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/bin/rake:23:in `load'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/bin/rake:23:in `<main>'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
Couldn't create database for {"adapter"=>"postgresql","database"=>"my_data_base_test","pool"=>5,"timeout"=>5000}

这是我的代码：

photo.rb：

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class Photo < ActiveRecord::Base
has_attached_file :image
end

Gemfile：

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# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '4.0.0'
gem 'bootstrap-sass', '2.3.2'
gem"paperclip","~> 3.0"
gem"rake"

# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
gem 'pg'

# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 4.0.0'

# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'

# Use CoffeeScript for .js.coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.0.0'

# See https://github.com/sstephenson/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby

# Use jquery as the JavaScript library
gem 'jquery-rails'

# Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/rails/turbolinks
gem 'turbolinks'

# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 1.2'

group :doc do
# bundle exec rake doc:rails generates the API under doc/api.
gem 'sdoc', require: false
end

# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
# gem 'bcrypt-ruby', '~> 3.0.0'

# Use unicorn as the app server
# gem 'unicorn'

# Use Capistrano for deployment
# gem 'capistrano', group: :development

# Use debugger
# gem 'debugger', group: [:development, :test]

XXXXXXXXXXXX_create_image.rb：

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class CreatePhotos < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
create_table :photos do |t|

t.timestamps
end
end
def self.up
add_column :photos, :image_file_name, :string
add_column :photos, :image_content_type, :string
add_column :photos, :image_file_size, :string
add_column :photos, :image_update_at, :string
end

def self.down
remove_column :photos, :image_file_name, :string
remove_column :photos, :image_content_type, :string
remove_column :photos, :image_file_size, :string
remove_column :photos, :image_update_at, :string
end
end

database.yml：

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# SQLite version 3.x
# gem install sqlite3
#
# Ensure the SQLite 3 gem is defined in your Gemfile
# gem 'sqlite3'
development:
adapter: postgresql
database: my_data_base_development
pool: 5
timeout: 5000

# Warning: The database defined as"test" will be erased and
# re-generated from your development database when you run"rake".
# Do not set this db to the same as development or production.
test:
adapter: postgresql
database: my_data_base_test
pool: 5
timeout: 5000

production:
adapter: postgresql
database: my_data_base_production
pool: 5
timeout: 5000

你有想法让我的迁移工作吗？谢谢