convert xml to python dict
我正在尝试创建一个dict类来处理xml,但是被卡住了,我的想法真的耗尽了。如果有人可以对此主题提供指导,那就太好了。
到目前为止开发的
代码:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | class XMLResponse(dict): def __init__(self, xml): self.result = True self.message = '' pass def __setattr__(self, name, val): self[name] = val def __getattr__(self, name): if name in self: return self[name] return None message="<?xml version="1.0"?><note><to>Tove</to><from>Jani</from><heading>Reminder</heading><body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body></note>" XMLResponse(message) |
您可以使用
1 2 3 4 | import xmltodict message ="""<?xml version="1.0"?><note><to>Tove</to><from>Jani</from><heading>Reminder</heading><body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body></note>""" print xmltodict.parse(message)['note'] |
产生一个
1 | OrderedDict([(u'to', u'Tove'), (u'from', u'Jani'), (u'heading', u'Reminder'), (u'body', u"Don't forget me this weekend!")]) |
如果顺序无关紧要,可以将其转换为dict:
1 | print dict(xmltodict.parse(message)['note']) |
打印:
1 | {u'body': u"Don't forget me this weekend!", u'to': u'Tove', u'from': u'Jani', u'heading': u'Reminder'} |
您可能认为到目前为止,我们已经对此有了一个很好的答案,但显然我们没有。
在复习了关于stackoverflow的数十个类似问题之后,以下是对我有用的方法:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 | from lxml import etree # arrow is an awesome lib for dealing with dates in python import arrow # converts an etree to dict, useful to convert xml to dict def etree2dict(tree): root, contents = recursive_dict(tree) return {root: contents} def recursive_dict(element): if element.attrib and 'type' in element.attrib and element.attrib['type'] =="array": return element.tag, [(dict(map(recursive_dict, child)) or getElementValue(child)) for child in element] else: return element.tag, dict(map(recursive_dict, element)) or getElementValue(element) def getElementValue(element): if element.text: if element.attrib and 'type' in element.attrib: attr_type = element.attrib.get('type') if attr_type == 'integer': return int(element.text.strip()) if attr_type == 'float': return float(element.text.strip()) if attr_type == 'boolean': return element.text.lower().strip() == 'true' if attr_type == 'datetime': return arrow.get(element.text.strip()).timestamp else: return element.text elif element.attrib: if 'nil' in element.attrib: return None else: return element.attrib else: return None |
这是您的使用方式:
1 2 3 4 5 | from lxml import etree message="""<?xml version="1.0"?><note><to>Tove</to><from>Jani</from><heading>Reminder</heading><body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body></note>"'' tree = etree.fromstring(message) etree2dict(tree) |
希望它会有所帮助:-)
您应该结帐
https://github.com/martinblech/xmltodict
我认为这是xml我听见的最好的标准处理程序之一。
但是我应该警告您xml和dict并非绝对兼容的数据结构
您可以使用lxml库。使用
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | from lxml import objectify xml_string ="""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><NewOrderResp><IndustryType></IndustryType><MessageType>R</MessageType><MerchantID>700000005894</MerchantID><TerminalID>0031</TerminalID><CardBrand>AMEX</CardBrand><AccountNum>3456732800000010</AccountNum><OrderID>TESTORDER1</OrderID><TxRefNum>55A69B278025130CD36B3A95435AA84DC45363</TxRefNum><TxRefIdx>10</TxRefIdx><ProcStatus>0</ProcStatus><ApprovalStatus>1</ApprovalStatus><RespCode></RespCode><AVSRespCode></AVSRespCode><CVV2RespCode></CVV2RespCode><AuthCode></AuthCode><RecurringAdviceCd></RecurringAdviceCd><CAVVRespCode></CAVVRespCode><StatusMsg></StatusMsg><RespMsg></RespMsg><HostRespCode></HostRespCode><HostAVSRespCode></HostAVSRespCode><HostCVV2RespCode></HostCVV2RespCode><CustomerRefNum>A51C5B2B1811E5991208</CustomerRefNum><CustomerName>BOB STEVEN</CustomerName><ProfileProcStatus>0</ProfileProcStatus><CustomerProfileMessage>Profile Created</CustomerProfileMessage><RespTime>13055</RespTime><PartialAuthOccurred></PartialAuthOccurred><RequestedAmount></RequestedAmount><RedeemedAmount></RedeemedAmount><RemainingBalance></RemainingBalance><CountryFraudFilterStatus></CountryFraudFilterStatus><IsoCountryCode></IsoCountryCode></NewOrderResp>""" xml_object = objectify.fromstring(xml_string) print xml_object.__dict__ |
将xml对象转换为dict将返回一个dict:
1 | {'RemainingBalance': u'', 'AVSRespCode': u'', 'RequestedAmount': u'', 'AccountNum': 3456732800000010, 'IsoCountryCode': u'', 'HostCVV2RespCode': u'', 'TerminalID': 31, 'CVV2RespCode': u'', 'RespMsg': u'', 'CardBrand': 'AMEX', 'MerchantID': 700000005894, 'RespCode': u'', 'ProfileProcStatus': 0, 'CustomerName': 'BOB STEVEN', 'PartialAuthOccurred': u'', 'MessageType': 'R', 'ProcStatus': 0, 'TxRefIdx': 10, 'RecurringAdviceCd': u'', 'IndustryType': u'', 'OrderID': 'TESTORDER1', 'StatusMsg': u'', 'ApprovalStatus': 1, 'RedeemedAmount': u'', 'CountryFraudFilterStatus': u'', 'TxRefNum': '55A69B278025130CD36B3A95435AA84DC45363', 'CustomerRefNum': 'A51C5B2B1811E5991208', 'CustomerProfileMessage': 'Profile Created', 'AuthCode': u'', 'RespTime': 13055, 'HostAVSRespCode': u'', 'CAVVRespCode': u'', 'HostRespCode': u''} |
我使用的xml字符串是来自Paymentech付款网关的响应,仅用于显示真实示例。
还请注意,上面的示例不是递归的,因此,如果dict中包含dict,则必须进行一些递归。请参阅我编写的可以使用的递归函数:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | from lxml import objectify def xml_to_dict_recursion(xml_object): dict_object = xml_object.__dict__ if not dict_object: return xml_object for key, value in dict_object.items(): dict_object[key] = xml_to_dict_recursion(value) return dict_object def xml_to_dict(xml_str): return xml_to_dict_recursion(objectify.fromstring(xml_str)) xml_string ="""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Response><NewOrderResp> <IndustryType>Test</IndustryType><SomeData><SomeNestedData1>1234</SomeNestedData1> <SomeNestedData2>3455</SomeNestedData2></SomeData></NewOrderResp></Response>""" print xml_to_dict(xml_string) |
此处保留了父键/元素的变体:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | def xml_to_dict(xml_str): """ Convert xml to dict, using lxml v3.4.2 xml processing library, see http://lxml.de/""" def xml_to_dict_recursion(xml_object): dict_object = xml_object.__dict__ if not dict_object: # if empty dict returned return xml_object for key, value in dict_object.items(): dict_object[key] = xml_to_dict_recursion(value) return dict_object xml_obj = objectify.fromstring(xml_str) return {xml_obj.tag: xml_to_dict_recursion(xml_obj)} |
如果只想返回一个子树并将其转换为dict,则可以使用Element.find():
1 | xml_obj.find('.//') # lxml.objectify.ObjectifiedElement instance |
有许多选项可以完成此操作,但是如果您已经在使用lxml,那么这是一个很好的选择。在此示例中,使用了lxml-3.4.2。