How do I inject mocks into a Spring class marked as “@Transactional”?
我正在使用SPring 3.1.1.RELEASE和JUnit 4.8.1。在我的测试课程中,我想模拟一个私有字段,并发现" ReflectionTestUtils "的美妙之处...
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration({"classpath:test-context.xml" }) public class OrderServiceTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests a€| @Autowired private OrderService m_orderSvc; @Test public void testGetPDOrders() throws QuickBaseException, Exception { a€| ReflectionTestUtils.setField(m_orderSvc,"m_orderDao", mockOrderDao); |
下面是我要模拟的类和字段...
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | @Service("orderService") @Transactional public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService { a€| @Autowired private OrderDAO m_orderDao; |
令人失望的是,我收到以下错误。我已经读到这是因为我的班级被标记为" @ Transactional ",但是我找不到适当的解决方法,而只编写容纳JUnit的setter方法似乎很浪费。有人对我如何将模拟对象注入私有字段有其他建议吗?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 | java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Could not find field [m_orderDao] on target [org.mainco.subco.myclient.service.OrderServiceImpl@282f0e07] at org.springframework.util.Assert.notNull(Assert.java:112) at org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils.setField(ReflectionTestUtils.java:107) at org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils.setField(ReflectionTestUtils.java:84) at org.mainco.subco.myclient.service.OrderServiceTest.testGetPDOrders(OrderServiceTest.java:130) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:74) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:83) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:72) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:49) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197) |
我不确定您使用的是哪个模拟库,但是在Spring和Mockito之间有一个有用的集成,即恰当地且笨拙地命名为" Springockito ",可以使战术在更大的Spring上下文中漂亮地插入模拟容易。
这个想法是,您更改测试应用程序上下文以将该bean映射到模拟,而不是尝试在运行时将模拟连接到您的父bean。
所以实际上您最终会遇到以下问题:
text-context.xml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" ... xmlns:mockito="http://www.mockito.org/spring/mockito" xsi:schemaLocation="... http://www.mockito.org/spring/mockito https://bitbucket.org/kubek2k/springockito/raw/tip/springockito/src/main/resources/spring/mockito.xsd"> <mockito:mock id="m_orderDao" class="my.package.OrderDao"/> <!--... other config ...--> </beans> |
然后,如果您需要与模拟进行交互,就可以将其自身自动连接到测试中,就像现在为服务所做的一样。
如果您不使用Mockito,您仍然可以使用上面的方法,而是使用模拟库的方法来创建模拟作为Bean的工厂。
从2014年开始,最简单的解决方案是使用@InjectMocks批注,该批注是Mockito的一部分。这适用于任何类,包括标有@Transactional。
的类。
这里是一个例子:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 | public class TestTestController { @Mock private TestService testService; @InjectMocks private TestController testController; @Before public void initMocks() { MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this); } @Test public void testMocks() throws Exception { String mockedReturnValue ="this is a mocked reply"; when(testService.getMessage()).thenReturn(mockedReturnValue); assertEquals(mockedReturnValue, testController.callTestService()); } } |
和相关类
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | public class TestController { @Autowired private TestService testService; public String callTestService() { return testService.getMessage(); } } public class TestService { public static final String THIS_IS_A_TEST ="this is a getMessage"; public String getMessage() { return THIS_IS_A_TEST; } } |