Encode / decode URLs
在Go中编码和解码整个URL的推荐方法是什么？ 我知道方法
谢谢。
您可以使用net / url模块进行所有所需的URL编码。它不会分解URL各个部分的单独编码功能，您必须让它构造整个URL。斜视源代码后，我认为它做得很好并且符合标准。
这是一个示例(游乐场链接)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 | package main import ( "fmt" "net/url" ) func main() { Url, err := url.Parse("http://www.example.com") if err != nil { panic("boom") } Url.Path +="/some/path/or/other_with_funny_characters?_or_not/" parameters := url.Values{} parameters.Add("hello","42") parameters.Add("hello","54") parameters.Add("vegetable","potato") Url.RawQuery = parameters.Encode() fmt.Printf("Encoded URL is %q\ ", Url.String()) } |
哪些印刷品
1 | Encoded URL is"http://www.example.com/some/path/or/other_with_funny_characters%3F_or_not/?vegetable=potato&hello=42&hello=54" |
从encodeURIComponent的MDN：
encodeURIComponent escapes all characters except the following: alphabetic, decimal digits,
'-', '_', '.', '!', '~', '*', ''', '(', ')'
从Go的url.QueryEscape实现(特别是
与Javascript不同，Go的QueryEscape()将转义
If one wishes to be more stringent in adhering to RFC 3986 (which reserves !, ', (, ), and *), even though these characters have no formalized URI delimiting uses, the following can be safely used:
1 2 3 | function fixedEncodeURIComponent (str) { return encodeURIComponent(str).replace(/[!'()]/g, escape).replace(/\\*/g,"%2A"); } |
从Go 1.8开始，这种情况已经改变。除了较旧的
这个怎么样：
1 | template.URLQueryEscaper(path) |
为了模仿Javascript的
示例：将
https://github.com/mrap/stringutil/blob/master/urlencode.go
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | import"net/url" // UrlEncoded encodes a string like Javascript's encodeURIComponent() func UrlEncoded(str string) (string, error) { u, err := url.Parse(str) if err != nil { return"", err } return u.String(), nil } |
如果有人想获得确切的结果与JS encodeURIComponent进行比较，请尝试我的函数，它很脏，但是效果很好。
https://gist.github.com/czyang/7ae30f4f625fee14cfc40c143e1b78bf
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 | // #Warning! You Should Use this Code Carefully, and As Your Own Risk. package main import ( "fmt" "net/url" "strings" ) /* After hours searching, I can't find any method can get the result exact as the JS encodeURIComponent function. In my situation I need to write a sign method which need encode the user input exact same as the JS encodeURIComponent. This function does solved my problem. */ func main() { params := url.Values{ "test_string": {"+!+'( )*-._~0-?? ??9a-zA-Z 中文测试 test with ?? !@#$%^&&*()~<>?/.,;'[][]:{{}|{}|"}, } urlEncode := params.Encode() fmt.Println(urlEncode) urlEncode = compatibleRFC3986Encode(urlEncode) fmt.Println("RFC3986", urlEncode) urlEncode = compatibleJSEncodeURIComponent(urlEncode) fmt.Println("JS encodeURIComponent", urlEncode) } // Compatible with RFC 3986. func compatibleRFC3986Encode(str string) string { resultStr := str resultStr = strings.Replace(resultStr,"+","%20", -1) return resultStr } // This func mimic JS encodeURIComponent, JS is wild and not very strict. func compatibleJSEncodeURIComponent(str string) string { resultStr := str resultStr = strings.Replace(resultStr,"+","%20", -1) resultStr = strings.Replace(resultStr,"%21","!", -1) resultStr = strings.Replace(resultStr,"%27","'", -1) resultStr = strings.Replace(resultStr,"%28","(", -1) resultStr = strings.Replace(resultStr,"%29",")", -1) resultStr = strings.Replace(resultStr,"%2A","*", -1) return resultStr } |
希望这可以帮助
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | // url encoded func UrlEncodedISO(str string) (string, error) { u, err := url.Parse(str) if err != nil { return"", err } q := u.Query() return q.Encode(), nil } |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | ? * encoded into %2A ? # encoded into %23 ? % encoded into %25 ? < encoded into %3C ? > encoded into %3E ? + encoded into %2B ? enter key (#13#10) is encoded into %0D%0A |
这是转义和转义的实现(从go源码中抓取)：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 | package main import ( "fmt" "strconv" ) const ( encodePath encoding = 1 + iota encodeHost encodeUserPassword encodeQueryComponent encodeFragment ) type encoding int type EscapeError string func (e EscapeError) Error() string { return"invalid URL escape" + strconv.Quote(string(e)) } func ishex(c byte) bool { switch { case '0' <= c && c <= '9': return true case 'a' <= c && c <= 'f': return true case 'A' <= c && c <= 'F': return true } return false } func unhex(c byte) byte { switch { case '0' <= c && c <= '9': return c - '0' case 'a' <= c && c <= 'f': return c - 'a' + 10 case 'A' <= c && c <= 'F': return c - 'A' + 10 } return 0 } // Return true if the specified character should be escaped when // appearing in a URL string, according to RFC 3986. // // Please be informed that for now shouldEscape does not check all // reserved characters correctly. See golang.org/issue/5684. func shouldEscape(c byte, mode encoding) bool { // §2.3 Unreserved characters (alphanum) if 'A' <= c && c <= 'Z' || 'a' <= c && c <= 'z' || '0' <= c && c <= '9' { return false } if mode == encodeHost { // §3.2.2 Host allows // sub-delims ="!" /"$" /"&" /"'" /"(" /")" /"*" /"+" /"," /";" /"=" // as part of reg-name. // We add : because we include :port as part of host. // We add [ ] because we include [ipv6]:port as part of host switch c { case '!', '$', '&', '\'', '(', ')', '*', '+', ',', ';', '=', ':', '[', ']': return false } } switch c { case '-', '_', '.', '~': // §2.3 Unreserved characters (mark) return false case '$', '&', '+', ',', '/', ':', ';', '=', '?', '@': // §2.2 Reserved characters (reserved) // Different sections of the URL allow a few of // the reserved characters to appear unescaped. switch mode { case encodePath: // §3.3 // The RFC allows : @ & = + $ but saves / ; , for assigning // meaning to individual path segments. This package // only manipulates the path as a whole, so we allow those // last two as well. That leaves only ? to escape. return c == '?' case encodeUserPassword: // §3.2.1 // The RFC allows ';', ':', '&', '=', '+', '$', and ',' in // userinfo, so we must escape only '@', '/', and '?'. // The parsing of userinfo treats ':' as special so we must escape // that too. return c == '@' || c == '/' || c == '?' || c == ':' case encodeQueryComponent: // §3.4 // The RFC reserves (so we must escape) everything. return true case encodeFragment: // §4.1 // The RFC text is silent but the grammar allows // everything, so escape nothing. return false } } // Everything else must be escaped. return true } func escape(s string, mode encoding) string { spaceCount, hexCount := 0, 0 for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ { c := s[i] if shouldEscape(c, mode) { if c == ' ' && mode == encodeQueryComponent { spaceCount++ } else { hexCount++ } } } if spaceCount == 0 && hexCount == 0 { return s } t := make([]byte, len(s)+2*hexCount) j := 0 for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ { switch c := s[i]; { case c == ' ' && mode == encodeQueryComponent: t[j] = '+' j++ case shouldEscape(c, mode): t[j] = '%' t[j+1] ="0123456789ABCDEF"[c>>4] t[j+2] ="0123456789ABCDEF"[c&15] j += 3 default: t[j] = s[i] j++ } } return string(t) } // unescape unescapes a string; the mode specifies // which section of the URL string is being unescaped. func unescape(s string, mode encoding) (string, error) { // Count %, check that they're well-formed. n := 0 hasPlus := false for i := 0; i < len(s); { switch s[i] { case '%': n++ if i+2 >= len(s) || !ishex(s[i+1]) || !ishex(s[i+2]) { s = s[i:] if len(s) > 3 { s = s[:3] } return"", EscapeError(s) } i += 3 case '+': hasPlus = mode == encodeQueryComponent i++ default: i++ } } if n == 0 && !hasPlus { return s, nil } t := make([]byte, len(s)-2*n) j := 0 for i := 0; i < len(s); { switch s[i] { case '%': t[j] = unhex(s[i+1])<<4 | unhex(s[i+2]) j++ i += 3 case '+': if mode == encodeQueryComponent { t[j] = ' ' } else { t[j] = '+' } j++ i++ default: t[j] = s[i] j++ i++ } } return string(t), nil } func EncodeUriComponent(rawString string) string{ return escape(rawString, encodeFragment) } func DecodeUriCompontent(encoded string) (string, error){ return unescape(encoded, encodeQueryComponent) } // https://golang.org/src/net/url/url.go // http://remove-line-numbers.ruurtjan.com/ func main() { // http://www.url-encode-decode.com/ origin :="??üHel/lo world" encoded := EncodeUriComponent(origin) fmt.Println(encoded) s, _ := DecodeUriCompontent(encoded) fmt.Println(s) } |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 | // ------------------------------------------------------- /* func UrlEncoded(str string) (string, error) { u, err := url.Parse(str) if err != nil { return"", err } return u.String(), nil } // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13820280/encode-decode-urls // import"net/url" func old_main() { a,err := UrlEncoded("hello world") if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } fmt.Println(a) // https://gobyexample.com/url-parsing //s :="postgres://user:[email protected]:5432/path?k=v#f" s :="postgres://user:[email protected]:5432/path?k=vbla%23fooa#f" u, err := url.Parse(s) if err != nil { panic(err) } fmt.Println(u.RawQuery) fmt.Println(u.Fragment) fmt.Println(u.String()) m, _ := url.ParseQuery(u.RawQuery) fmt.Println(m) fmt.Println(m["k"][0]) } */ // ------------------------------------------------------- |