关于python：如何将matplotlib嵌入pyqt-傻瓜

How to embed matplotlib in pyqt - for Dummies

我目前正在尝试将要绘制的图形嵌入我设计的pyqt4用户界面中。因为我几乎完全不熟悉编程，所以我不了解人们如何在发现的示例中进行嵌入-这个(在底部)和那个。

如果有人可以发布分步说明或至少仅创建例如一个pyqt4 GUI中的图形和按钮。

实际上并不是那么复杂。相关的Qt小部件位于matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg中。通常需要FigureCanvasQTAgg和NavigationToolbar2QT。这些是常规的Qt小部件。您将它们视为其他任何小部件。下面是一个非常简单的示例，其中带有Figure，Navigation和一个绘制一些随机数据的按钮。我添加了评论来解释事情。

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import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui

from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar
from matplotlib.figure import Figure

import random

class Window(QtGui.QDialog):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(Window, self).__init__(parent)

# a figure instance to plot on
self.figure = Figure()

# this is the Canvas Widget that displays the `figure`
# it takes the `figure` instance as a parameter to __init__
self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.figure)

# this is the Navigation widget
# it takes the Canvas widget and a parent
self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)

# Just some button connected to `plot` method
self.button = QtGui.QPushButton('Plot')
self.button.clicked.connect(self.plot)

# set the layout
layout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
layout.addWidget(self.toolbar)
layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
layout.addWidget(self.button)
self.setLayout(layout)

def plot(self):
''' plot some random stuff '''
# random data
data = [random.random() for i in range(10)]

# create an axis
ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)

# discards the old graph
ax.clear()

# plot data
ax.plot(data, '*-')

# refresh canvas
self.canvas.draw()

if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)

main = Window()
main.show()

sys.exit(app.exec_())

编辑：

更新以反映注释和API更改。

NavigationToolbar2QTAgg被NavigationToolbar2QT更改
直接导入Figure而不是pyplot
用ax.clear()替换已弃用的ax.hold(False)

相关讨论

以下是在PyQt5和Matplotlib 2.0下使用的先前代码的改编。
有一些小的变化：PyQt子模块的结构，matplotlib中的其他子模块，已弃用的方法已被替换...

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import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QDialog, QApplication, QPushButton, QVBoxLayout

from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import random

class Window(QDialog):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(Window, self).__init__(parent)

# a figure instance to plot on
self.figure = plt.figure()

# this is the Canvas Widget that displays the `figure`
# it takes the `figure` instance as a parameter to __init__
self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.figure)

# this is the Navigation widget
# it takes the Canvas widget and a parent
self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)

# Just some button connected to `plot` method
self.button = QPushButton('Plot')
self.button.clicked.connect(self.plot)

# set the layout
layout = QVBoxLayout()
layout.addWidget(self.toolbar)
layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
layout.addWidget(self.button)
self.setLayout(layout)

def plot(self):
''' plot some random stuff '''
# random data
data = [random.random() for i in range(10)]

# instead of ax.hold(False)
self.figure.clear()

# create an axis
ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)

# discards the old graph
# ax.hold(False) # deprecated, see above

# plot data
ax.plot(data, '*-')

# refresh canvas
self.canvas.draw()

if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)

main = Window()
main.show()

sys.exit(app.exec_())